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Documentation of statistics: Producer price index for construction of dwellings

Contact info, Prices and Consumption, Economic Statistics , Peter Fink-Jensen , +45 21 34 76 92 , PFJ@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Producer price index for construction of dwellings 2025 , Previous versions, Producer price index for construction of dwellings 2024, Producer price index for construction of dwellings 2023, Producer price index for construction of dwellings 2021, Producer price index for construction of dwellings 2019, Producer price index for construction of dwellings 2018, Producer price index for construction of dwellings demonstrates trends in prices at the first stage of commercial transactions for the construction of free standing one-family houses, i.e. the producer price incl. direct construction costs and profits, but excl. VAT, cost of land and other costs not directly linked to the construction. The statistic is typically used in analyses of price developments in the construction sector. It has been compiled since 2019 with indices dating back to 2015., Statistical presentation, The Producer Price Index for Construction of Dwellings is a quarterly measurement of price developments of commercial transactions related to the construction of new dwellings, i.e. the price a household or a developer pays the construction company for the construction of a dwelling. The statistic only covers construction of free standing one-family houses, and is therefore not representative of e.g. multi-family houses, terraced houses, general housing, vacation homes or commercial/industrial buildings., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, Every quarter approximately 500-1200 prices are collected from a sample of relevant type house construction companies in Denmark. Prices and addresses are merged with relevant information from the Danish Buildings and Dwellings Register (BBR) on e.g. floor area and various amenities. This information is used to calculate the price development of construction of new dwellings., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The Producer Price Index for Construction of Dwellings is a business cycle indicator, which is used in analyses of economic developments in Denmark. It is used in the Danish National Accounts, and is part of the framework of EU short term business statistics. Surveys of user satisfaction are not performed, but the statistics is part of Danish Statistics' expert committee for statistics on housing and civil engineering., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, The collected price observations are examined for errors both manually and by computer. The extend of different error types is therefore considered to be negligible. As the collected data originates solely from typehouse companies, the statistic is considered to be more accurate for typical housing constructions and less so for unique constructions. Also, the used hedonic statistical model does not consider the quality of applied building materials or the quality of the work carried out., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, These statistics are published quarterly, approx. 3-4 month after the end of the reference period., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The statistic has a continuous time series from 2015 until present day. The statistic follows international standards and is therefore comparable with similar statistics from other countries., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The statistic is published quarterly in the Statbank as , Producer Price Index for Construction of Dwellings (PRIS90), and can be found at the subject page , Indices for the construction sector, . Once a year, in conjunction with the publication of 4th quarter indices (in April), the statistic is published in , News from Statistics Denmark, , which is available only in Danish under the title "Producentprisindeks for byggeri". The statistics is reported to the Danish National Archives on a yearly basis., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/producer-price-index-for-construction-of-dwellings

Documentation of statistics

Documentation of statistics: Personal income taxes

Contact info, Government Finances, Economic Statistics , Ida Balle Rohde , +45 61 24 24 85 , ILR@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Personal income taxes 2024 , Previous versions, Personal income taxes 2023, Personal income taxes 2022, Personal income taxes 2021, Personal Income Taxation 2020, Personal Income Taxation 2019, Personal Income Taxation 2014, Personal Income Taxation 2013, The purpose of the statistics Personal income taxation is to give information about tax bases, tax calculations and the various tax concepts, and also give a description of provisional and final tax. The statistics cover income taxes from 1994 and is published yearly in November. The statistics were first published in 1903, but in its current form the statistics cover every year from 1994 onwards., Statistical presentation, The statistics is a yearly account of personal income- and wealth taxes, as they are in the final assessment. The statistics give information about tax bases, tax calculations and the various tax concepts., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, Data is extracted annually from the Danish Tax Agency. Not all taxable persons are included in the data extract, so income tax is calculated for the missing persons, so that it is possible to describe the development for all taxable persons in Denmark. The validation takes place by comparing the level of total income taxes in relation to the previous year, where both business tendencies and possible tax rate changes are taken into account., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The statistics are part of the general economic debate. The statistics is in demand from ministries, politicians, public and private institutions, researchers, enterprises and news media. The statistics often get a lot of attention in the media and amongst other professional users., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, In the first dissemination of the statistics, some information for some taxpayers is missing. The tax payments of these persons are therefore calculated to give an overall picture of the development in income taxes for persons. Also in the final version of the statistics, some taxpayers' information is missing, the statistics therefore contain calculated figures. In the preliminary versions of the statistics some tax types are corrected for biases, as these tax types are potentially underestimated in relation to the final value., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The Statistics are published yearly in November. The first version of the preliminary income taxes is published in November after the end of the income year. The final income taxes are published in November, two years after the end of the income year in question. Publications are released on time, as stated in the release calendar. , Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The statistic were first introduced in 1903. The tax reform in 1987 changed both income and deduction concepts. From 1987, the numbers were split into personal income, capital income, and deductions instead of gross income and deductions. The taxation structure differs greatly across countries, which makes international comparison difficult. , Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, These statistics are published annually in a Danish press release. In the StatBank the figures are published under , Personal income taxes, . , Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/personal-income-taxes

Documentation of statistics

Vulnerable people, homeless people and sex workers

How many people are particularly vulnerable in Denmark?, Note: Below, we provide links to Statistics Denmark and others who make statistics on the subject. In some instances, the sources referred to below have content in Danish only or limited content in English., Statistics Denmark has several tables on people who are vulnerable under the subject , Social support services, , including e.g. crisis centres. In 2021, Statistics Denmark published the analysis ", Opvækst eller tilvækst – er socialt udsatte i landkommunerne tilflyttere?, “ (in Danish) on the geographic distribution of vulnerable people and where they come from., VIVE - the Danish Center for Social Science Research performs research surveys of particularly vulnerable groups and focus on e.g. the scale of the problems and the social costs. In 2018, VIVE released the report ", Når udsatte borgere møder velfærdssystemet, " (in Danish) along with a matching information booklet on the meeting between vulnerable citizens and the welfare system., In 2018, the National Institute of Public Health published a health profile for vulnerable citizens in Denmark – , sundhedsprofil for socialt udsatte i Danmark, (in Danish), which focuses on the health, morbidity and well-being of socially vulnerable citizens in 2017 and the development since 2007., How many homeless people are there in Denmark?, Since 2007, the number of homeless people in Denmark has been mapped every two years. See the most recent report on homelessness in Denmark – ", Hjemløshed i Danmark 2024, “ (in Danish) from VIVE, the Danish Center for Social Science Research., All previous reports on homelessness in Denmark (in Danish) are available at , VIVE’s website, ., Several publications, news and articles are available at VIVEs , temaside om hjemløshed, (in Danish), which is a theme page on homelessness., See also the homelessness barometer – , Hjemløsebarometeret, – from Hjem til Alle, which is an alliance of 20 partners working to stop homelessness among young people. The barometer puts Danish homelessness in a Nordic perspective in a , report from 2018, (in Danish)., Are there any homeless young people?, See the , theme pages on homelessness, among young people – unges hjemløshed by the National Board of Social Services., How many live in shelters?, In 2017, Statistics Denmark took over the responsibility for the annual statistics on users of shelters and care homes (the Social Services Act, section 110). See , subject page, and , tables in StatBank Denmark, . This set of statistics was previously published by the , Appeals Board, (in Danish)., How many sex workers are there in Denmark?, The National Board of Social Services’ , The Danish Centre against Human Trafficking, have information e.g. on the number of sex workers and customers, foreign women involved in sex work, trafficking in human beings, young people and paid sexual exploitation., See also , publications by the National Board of Social Services, (in Danish) on the subject, e.g. recent memos on the extent and forms of sex work., VIVE - the Danish Center for Social Science Research reports on the number of sex workers in the report ", Salg af sex i Danmark 2020, “ (in Danish)., In 2019, SSI and University of Aalborg published the report ", Sex i Danmark, “ (in Danish), in which there is a section focused on the extent to which people have either received payment for sex or paid for sex., [This page was last reviewed in July 2025],  

https://www.dst.dk/en/informationsservice/oss/Socudsatte

Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2022

Please note, a more current version of this classification is now available. See the current version , here., Name: , DISCED15_AUDD_HOVED_V1_2022 , Description: , DISCED-15 is Statistics Denmark's classification system for education., DISCED-15 acts as a classification system across statistics-producing authorities within the education sector in Denmark. At the same time it ensures a clear connection to the international classification system , International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), ., All educations in DISCED-15 have a four-digit code, e.g. , 4280: Electrician, , which is aggregated in four different ways. The classification system thus organises education and training programs in the following four dimensions:, Main area, Classification of educational programs which follow the structure of the Danish education system, as regulated by law for higher education and for the admission to vocational education., Types of education, Classification of education programs by type, which makes it possible to differentiate the educations in the Danish education system by type of education, regardless of the level of the educations, fields of education or main area., Levels of education, Classification of education programs in the Danish education system by levels, which are consistent with the international education classification ISCED-P (levels of education)., Fields of education, Classification of educational programs by fields, regardless of the levels of the educations. The basic principle in the construction of the fields of education follows the idea of ​​which employment function or industry the education is oriented towards with a view to later employment. Classification by fields of education ensures complete comparability between the Danish education classification and the international education classification ISCED-F (fields of education and training)., Valid from: , February 1, 2022 , Valid to: , January 31, 2023 , Office: , Population and Education , Contact: , Martin Herskind, , hrs@dst.dk, , ph. +45 21 34 03 31 , Codes and categories, Codes and categories are only available in Danish , All versions, Name, Valid from, Valid to, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2025, February 1, 2025, Still valid, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2024, February 1, 2024, January 31, 2025, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2023, February 1, 2023, January 31, 2024, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2022, February 1, 2022, January 31, 2023, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2021, February 1, 2021, January 31, 2022, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2020, February 1, 2020, January 31, 2021, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2019, February 1, 2019, January 31, 2020, Classification on education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2018, February 1, 2018, January 31, 2019, Classification on education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2017, February 1, 2017, January 31, 2018

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/nomenklaturer/disced15-audd?id=b6cca659-0e8f-49f8-8d70-618ebe82bbd2

Documentation of statistics: The Student Registre

Contact info, Population and Education, Social Statistics , Susanne Mainz Sørensen , +45 20 34 51 79 , sms@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, The Student Registre 2024 , Previous versions, The Student Registre 2023, The Student Registre 2020, The Student Registre 2019, The Student Registre 2018, The Student Registre 2017, The Student Registre 2016, The Student Registre 2015, The Student Registre 2014, The Student Registre 2013, Documents associated with the documentation, Big Bang Dokumentation (pdf) (in Danish only), Big Bang Rekodning (xlsx) (in Danish only), The Students Register, which was established in the early 1970's, is a longitudinal register that allow you to follow the educational careers of students in the mainline education system. The purpose of The Student Register is to analyze entrance to, enrolment in and graduation from the mainline education system as well as transmissions of student within the system., Statistical presentation, The Student Register is a longitudinal register that allows you to track the educational careers of each student throughout all the educational programs comprising their educational career. The register covers educational careers starting from preschool to PhD. All publicly recognized educational programs are included. Data about PhDs is delayed by one year compared to other data in the register. Adult or continuing education, as well as education taken outside Denmark, are not included in the register., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, The Student Register is based on annual reports from the Danish educational institutions. The majority of data is collected by system to-system reporting. However, there are a few educational institutions which report through web-based questionnaires. In cooperation with system suppliers, Statistics Denmark has established requirements for reporting formats, validation and error searches. In addition, there is an extensive validation of data at Statistics Denmark., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The register illuminates entrances, departures, and student flows within the education system. It serves as the foundation for education tables in StatBank Denmark., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, The information in The Student Register is obtained from the institutions' administrative register and goes through a comprehensive error check in connection with the annual data collections. The reliability of the educational information is considered to be high. , Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The statistics are published about 4 months after the end of the reference time. The statistics are usually published without delay in accordance with the scheduled date., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The information contained in The Student Register starts in 1973 and comparability over time is good. Basic school includes only grade 8-10. up to the school year 2005/06. From the school year 2006/2007 preschool through 7th grade is included., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, Statistics are published annually in the statbank under the subject , Full-time education, and on the , homepage, for uddannelsesstatistik, Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/the-student-registre

Documentation of statistics

Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2024

Please note, a more current version of this classification is now available. See the current version , here., Name: , DISCED15_AUDD_HOVED_V1_2024 , Description: , DISCED-15 is Statistics Denmark's classification system for education., DISCED-15 acts as a classification system across statistics-producing authorities within the education sector in Denmark. At the same time it ensures a clear connection to the international classification system , International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), ., All educations in DISCED-15 have a four-digit code, e.g. , 4280: Electrician, , which is aggregated in four different ways. The classification system thus organises education and training programs in the following four dimensions:, Main area, Classification of educational programs which follow the structure of the Danish education system, as regulated by law for higher education and for the admission to vocational education., Types of education, Classification of education programs by type, which makes it possible to differentiate the educations in the Danish education system by type of education, regardless of the level of the educations, fields of education or main area., Levels of education, Classification of education programs in the Danish education system by levels, which are consistent with the international education classification ISCED-P (levels of education)., Fields of education, Classification of educational programs by fields, regardless of the levels of the educations. The basic principle in the construction of the fields of education follows the idea of ​​which employment function or industry the education is oriented towards with a view to later employment. Classification by fields of education ensures complete comparability between the Danish education classification and the international education classification ISCED-F (fields of education and training)., Valid from: , February 1, 2024 , Valid to: , January 31, 2025 , Office: , Population and Education , Contact: , Martin Herskind, , hrs@dst.dk, , ph. +45 21 34 03 31 , Codes and categories, Codes and categories are only available in Danish , All versions, Name, Valid from, Valid to, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2025, February 1, 2025, Still valid, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2024, February 1, 2024, January 31, 2025, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2023, February 1, 2023, January 31, 2024, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2022, February 1, 2022, January 31, 2023, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2021, February 1, 2021, January 31, 2022, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2020, February 1, 2020, January 31, 2021, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2019, February 1, 2019, January 31, 2020, Classification on education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2018, February 1, 2018, January 31, 2019, Classification on education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2017, February 1, 2017, January 31, 2018

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/nomenklaturer/disced15-audd?id=eb9c3f6c-5798-43e5-8551-45b897f9777a

Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2023

Please note, a more current version of this classification is now available. See the current version , here., Name: , DISCED15_AUDD_HOVED_V1_2023 , Description: , DISCED-15 is Statistics Denmark's classification system for education., DISCED-15 acts as a classification system across statistics-producing authorities within the education sector in Denmark. At the same time it ensures a clear connection to the international classification system , International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), ., All educations in DISCED-15 have a four-digit code, e.g. , 4280: Electrician, , which is aggregated in four different ways. The classification system thus organises education and training programs in the following four dimensions:, Main area, Classification of educational programs which follow the structure of the Danish education system, as regulated by law for higher education and for the admission to vocational education., Types of education, Classification of education programs by type, which makes it possible to differentiate the educations in the Danish education system by type of education, regardless of the level of the educations, fields of education or main area., Levels of education, Classification of education programs in the Danish education system by levels, which are consistent with the international education classification ISCED-P (levels of education)., Fields of education, Classification of educational programs by fields, regardless of the levels of the educations. The basic principle in the construction of the fields of education follows the idea of ​​which employment function or industry the education is oriented towards with a view to later employment. Classification by fields of education ensures complete comparability between the Danish education classification and the international education classification ISCED-F (fields of education and training)., Valid from: , February 1, 2023 , Valid to: , January 31, 2024 , Office: , Population and Education , Contact: , Martin Herskind, , hrs@dst.dk, , ph. +45 21 34 03 31 , Codes and categories, Codes and categories are only available in Danish , All versions, Name, Valid from, Valid to, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2025, February 1, 2025, Still valid, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2024, February 1, 2024, January 31, 2025, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2023, February 1, 2023, January 31, 2024, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2022, February 1, 2022, January 31, 2023, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2021, February 1, 2021, January 31, 2022, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2020, February 1, 2020, January 31, 2021, Classification of education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2019, February 1, 2019, January 31, 2020, Classification on education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2018, February 1, 2018, January 31, 2019, Classification on education (DISCED-15), completed educations, v1:2017, February 1, 2017, January 31, 2018

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/nomenklaturer/disced15-audd?id=c517e8f3-114e-4295-b912-baa26e6727b5

Documentation of statistics: Pigs

Contact info, Food Industries, Business Statistics , Mona Larsen , +45 24 81 68 47 , MLA@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Pigs 2025 , Previous versions, Pigs 2024, Pigs 2023, Pigs 2022, Pigs 2021, Pigs 2020, Pigs 2019, Pigs 2018, Pigs 2017, Pigs 2016, Pigs 2015, Pigs 2014, The statistics on the stock of pigs shows the total number of pigs in Denmark. It aims, among other tings, to form a basis for forecasting future slaughters and future stock of sows. The statistics are also used for different economic and environmental estimations and analyses. The stocks of pigs have been compiled since 1915 but with slightly different methods used over time. The last change was in 01 April 2018. The difference in the number of pigs for new and the old method of analysis is below 1 per cent. The statistics are considered to be comparable from 1998 onwards. , Statistical presentation, The pig survey are a sample survey published every quarter as the numbers of pigs in Denmark. The statistics are published in the newsletter Nyt fra Danmarks Statistik (in Danish only) and in the Statbank. The data series with the total stock of pigs (pigs, total) are only published without seasonal adjustment from 2020. , Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, Data for the pig survey is collected by means of web questionnaires or by means of the system to system solution AgroVision or Danish Crown Data. A sample little below 1.200 holdings with pigs according to the The Central Husbandry Register (CHR) is selected. The survey is a sample survey divided into groups (strata) by the size of pigs and types of pigs on the single holding. Farms with many pigs are selected every time. The answers are validated for unrealistic values and next the sample is extrapolated to the total population of all farms with pigs. , Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The pigs survey is of great interest to EU, the Ministry of Environment and Food, The Danish Association of Slaughterhouses and others farmer´s organizations, but also students and interested people in general. The most important purposes of pig surveys are to provide a basis base for forecasts of pigs for slaughter. The statistics are used in financially and environment studies. , Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, The greatest factor of inaccuracy is updating and matching of the different registers. The relative standard deviation - sampling errors - for pigs is 0.5 per cent to 1.5 per cent. A maximum of 5 per cent has to be observed to meet EU's requirements. As part of a quality assessment statistical errors are calculated for all variables., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The figures are usually published without delay in relation to the scheduled data, however with some exceptions in 2012 and 2013., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The pig surveys have been conducted in their present form since April 1974, but the number of pigs have been conducted at varying points in time and frequency since 1915. , Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, These statistics are published semiannually in a Danish press release and quarterly in the Statbank table , SVIN, . For further information, see the subject page for , Livestock, . Data with long timeseries can be find on , Livestock (historic) by type of livestock, ., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/pigs

Documentation of statistics

External trade, production and supply

How can I find sales figures for a specific commodity in Denmark?, Statistics Denmark does not have information on sales of individual commodities or brands., External trade and production, Using data on production, imports and exports, respectively, it is possible to estimate the market supply., A supply estimate = (domestic production plus imports) minus exports, But it will only be an ESTIMATE, as enterprises with trade or production of minor significance are not required to submit data for these statistics. For example, only companies with at least 10 employees submit data for the production statistics. In addition, a number of enterprises whose imports or exports are worth small amounts are not required to submit data for the external trade statistics. It is also not possible to take e.g. stock of the commodity into account., External trade, The most detailed tables regarding goods are distributed by , CN, classification: , Annual figures,  , Monthly figures, In less detail, the table is compiled by , SITC,  main groups: , Table SITC2R4,  , In table STIC2R4, in the MONTH box under 'More options...' you can choose years instead of months, Production, The most detailed tables regarding goods are distributed by , CN , classification: , Annual figures,  , Quarterly figures,  , In less detail, the tables are compiled by , SITC, main groups: , Annual figures,  , Quarterly figures,  , Commodity codes , The key to detailed data on import/export and production are the commodity code classifications CN or SITC, with the CN classification being the most detailed. , The , KN classification, can be unfolded to the full list on our website, which offers an option to search on words or commodity codes., Alternatively, you can search for commodity codes in the Customs Agency's , eVITA,  , The production statistics are published in 10 digits, which are equal to the 8 digits of the CN classification + 2 extra digits, The , SITC classification, is less detailed in terms of commodity groups: www.dst.dk/SITC , The SITC commodity codes have 5 digits , SITC and CN are linked in such a way that a 5-digit SITC number always corresponds to one or more commodity codes under the same 4-digit main position in the CN classification , A key between KN and SITC can be found at , Eurostat, It is also possible to search for commodity codes directly in the Statbank Denmark tables. , Please note that commodity codes may change from year to year. In addition, certain commodity codes are omitted from the tables because the information is confidentialised. Confidentiality implies that information is not published if e.g. the data of an individual enterprise can be recognised., Documentation of statistics, In the "Documentation of statistics" you can read more about sources and methods for the statistics in question, as well as detailed explanations and descriptions of any limitations in the statistics. , International Trade in Goods,  , Production (Manufacturers’ Sales of Goods),  , [This page was last reviewed in October 2024],  ,  

https://www.dst.dk/en/informationsservice/oss/UHprod

Asymmetries in statistics on International Trade in Goods

Trustworthy, consistent and comparable figures about the level and the development of international trade in goods are extremely important for both economically and political reasons. When Georgia entered into the Free Trade Area with the EU in 2014, it was expected to have a positive influence on the trade between EU and Georgia., 19 October 2021 14:00 ,  , Trustworthy, consistent and comparable figures about the level and the development of international trade in goods are extremely important for both economically and political reasons. When Georgia entered into the Free Trade Area with the EU in 2014, it was expected to have a positive influence on the trade between EU and Georgia. It has been more than difficult to get a consistent picture of the trade between the two areas because of the huge differences (asymmetries) in statistics on trade in goods published by Eurostat and Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia) respectively. The differences have been both concerning the level and – even more worrying – also the trend in trade. , A fruitful and intensive 2-year cooperation between Geostat and Danish experts from Statistics Denmark in the frame of the Twinning project , Strengthening the Capacity of the Georgian Statistical System, has now resulted in a comprehensive report describing the nature, reasons and possible solutions to these asymmetries. The report is an important input to understanding asymmetries and how to handle them in the future “, Link, ”.  , Georgia’s geographical location on the shore of the Black Sea means that many goods traded between countries in Europe and mainly Armenia and Azerbaijan are transiting through Georgia. The European traders/custom are in many cases not aware that the specific imported/exported good is only transiting in Georgia and is therefore incorrectly reporting the good as being imported/exported from/to Georgia. Incorrect reporting of goods that are only transiting through Georgia are by far the major reason for the asymmetries according to the report prepared by the project, which has analysed in depths the methodology applied to trade in goods statistics in Georgia, the concepts applied and the practical data collection.  , The analysis thereby also implies that the Georgian data in the cases where goods are transiting in Georgia, are more likely to be correct than Eurostat’s data as the asymmetry appears due to incorrect declaration of country of origin (when EU is importing) and country of final destination (when goods are exported from the EU). In many of these cases, the hypothesis was supported by mirror analysis carried out on data from Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkmenistan, which showed similar asymmetries in trade data with the EU. , Asymmetries might be caused by methodological reasons, as well as by data errors. A thorough review of the compilation of international trade in goods in Geostat has revealed a sound methodology applied in Geostat’s compilation of International Trade Statistics and great awareness of international standards. The analysis also indicates that there might be a few issues concerning the so-called trade system, volatile currency, high exemption threshold for export, imputation of missing import of cars and misclassifications of commodities, all of which are more or less out of the hands of Geostat, and more importantly, are minor issues in the big asymmetry picture. , Data errors are by far the biggest problem detected. A good understanding and overview of the nature and major sources of the data errors were obtained from structured in depths microlevel analysis involving a lot of correspondence with colleagues from 6 different EU National Statistical Offices and to some extent local importers/exporters. A lot of hard work remains to reduce the asymmetries in the future, requiring most of all careful training of individual data reporters concerning the importance of indicating the correct country of origin/country of final destination.

https://www.dst.dk/en/consulting/news-from-international-consulting/2021/19-10-2021-asymmetries-in-statistics-on-international-trade-in-goods