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Standard multipliers

The multiplier experiments are carried out by changing one or a few of the exogenous variables. Then the model is simulated to calculate the effect on the endogenous variables. There is no provision for possible ties between the exogenous variables. This means that one has to be careful when interpreting the experiments as real world economic events are rarely confined to changes in one exogenous variable., All experiments expand economic activity. In some experiments the effect is temporary and in others the effect is permanent. In general, a demand shock in ADAM like an additional public purchase of goods, affects production and employment in the short run. However, in the long run a demand shock has no effect on employment. In contrast, a supply shock such as an increase in the labor force has a permanent effect on employment. This is in line with most models of a small open economy with a fixed exchange rate and a Phillips curve., There is no monetary reaction function and there is no fiscal reaction function in ADAM, which should be taken into consideration when comparing to models for other countries. Also the specific laws and rules modelled in ADAM (e.g. regulatory mechanisms in taxes and transfers) affect the comparison with other countries., ADAM multipliers - October 2015 (preliminary version), Starting with the October 2015 version, the labour supply multiplier is also calculated with increased export price elasticity in the model., The calculations are made with the model version October 2015 using the baseline lang15., ADAM multipliers - October 2014, The calculations are made with the model version October 2014 using the baseline lang14., ADAM multipliers - June 2014, From the June 2014 version and onwards, all shocks to economic policy instruments have been scaled to represent 0.1 per cent of GDP at constant prices. For multipliers on earlier model versions, the policy shock represented 1000 mill. Dkr. at constant prices., The calculations are made with the model version June 2014 using the baseline lang14., ADAM multipliers - July 2013, The calculations are made with the model version July 2013 using the baseline lang13., ADAM multipliers - October 2012, The calculations are made with the model version October 2012 using the baseline lang13., ADAM multipliers - December 2009, From the December 2009 version and onwards, two multipliers (the public purchase multiplier and the labour supply multiplier) have also been calculated under a budget constraint to illustrate the consequences of a fiscal rule., The calculations are made with the model version December 2009 using the baseline lang11.

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/ADAM/Multiplikatorer/multiplikatorer

Documentation of statistics: Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts

Contact info, Government Finances, Economic Statistics , Jeppe Føge Jensen , +45 40 22 58 23 , JFJ@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts 2024 , Previous versions, Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts 2023, Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts 2022, Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts 2021, Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts 2020, Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts 2019, Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts 2018, Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts 2017, Key Figures for Municipalities Accounts 2016, Indicators for Municipal Annual Accounts 2015, The purpose of these statistics is to present selected key figures from the annual accounts of the municipalities, which is of particular interest, in a way that makes it easy to compare across municipalities. Key figures are comparable since 2008. , The figures should be interpreted with caution due to varying accounting methods across municipalities as well as over time. Also, adjustments are made continuously to the municipal accounting system., Statistical presentation, These statistics contain 12 annual key indicators where accounting figures are compared with population figures in the individual municipalities. All key indicators are measured in DKK, both in current and fixed prices for all 98 Danish municipalities., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, The key figures are prepared by applying tables from the database StatBank Denmark and from figures for price- and pay adjustments from the Ministry for the Interior and Housing., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The key figures open up the possibility of making comparisons across municipalities. Figures must be interpreted with caution due to both changes in the compilation methods and in the municipal accounting system. Further information with regard to the figures underlying the key figures, including the detailed municipality accounts is available from the database StatBank Denmark. , Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, Figures must be interpreted with caution due to both changes in the compilation methods and in the municipal accounting system. , Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The key figures are published in April., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, Reference is made to the section on concepts and definitions with a view to assessing comparability among key figures. , Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The statistics are published in the StatBank under , Municipal accounts, . , Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/key-figures-for-municipalities-accounts

Documentation of statistics

Documentation of statistics: Government budget allocations for research and development

Contact info, Government Finances, Economic Statistics , Helene Gjermansen , +45 24 76 70 09 , HGJ@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Government budget allocations for research and development 2025 , Previous versions, Government budget allocations for research and development 2024, Government budget allocations for research and development 2023, Government budget allocations for research and development 2022, Government budget allocations for research and development 2021, Government budget allocations for research and development 2020, Government budget allocations for research and development 2019, Government budget allocations for research and development 2018, Government Budget on Appropriations and Outlays to Research and Development 2017, Government Budget on Appropriations and Outlays to Research and Development 2016, Government Budget on Appropriations and Outlays to Research and Development 2013, The statistic give information on the general government budget for research and development from 2001 onwards. The Ministry of Finance is in charge of the bigger part of the data collection., Statistical presentation, The purpose of the GBARD-statistics is to inform on the public funds available for research and development. The information includes information on the amounts available from the different parts of General Government., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, Data are received and published once a year. The primary data source is the State Budget for Research and Development, though Statistics Denmark gathers data from additional sources as well. The Ministry of Finance ensures quality control of reported data based on the state budget. In a few cases Statistics Denmark examines further the relevance of reported data., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, Reporting of the data to the EU is regulated by order., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, Quality is expected to be good as data is reported directly from the ministries responsible for the accounts with research and development and as the Ministry of Finance validates the data., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The statistic comprises data on the state budget which are published in the beginning of the reference year, and data on other parts of the GBARD-statistic which are published half a year later., The statistic is usually published without delays., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The statistic is comparable with GBARD-statistics for other countries., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, Data are available in Statbank in the tables: FOUBUD, FOUBUD1, FOUBUD4, FOUBUD5. Data is not published in a dedicated publication. , Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/government-budget-allocations-for-research-and-development

Documentation of statistics

Inflation calculator

Compare prices from previously with today and see how the price level has developed over the years.

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/laer-om-statistik/prisberegner

Documentation of statistics: Protected buildings and ancient monuments

Contact info, Science, Technology and Culture, Business Statistics , Christian Max Gustaf Törnfelt , +45 21 63 60 20 , CHT@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Protected buildings and ancient monuments 2024 , Previous versions, Protected buildings and ancient monuments 2022, Protected buildings and ancient monuments 2021, Protected Buildings and Ancient Monuments 2020, Protected Buildings and Ancient Monuments 2019, Protected Buildings and Ancient Monuments 2018, Protected Buildings and Ancient Monuments 2017, Protected Buildings and Ancient Monuments 2016, Protected Buildings and Ancient Monuments 2015, Protected Buildings and Ancient Monuments 2014, The purpose of the statistics is to provide a comprehensive overview of the Danish protected buildings and ancient monuments, including new protections and de-protections. Data for protected buildings are from 2012 and data for protected ancient monuments are from 2010. Buildings in Denmark have been protected since 1918. , Statistical presentation, The statistics show the number of protected buildings and ancient monuments, including distribution of protected buildings by provinces of the country and construction year in 50 year ranges. The statistics also show the number of new protections and de-protections., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, The role of Statistics Denmark with respect to this statistics is solely to assure the quality and communicate information that is selected, collected, processed and disseminated by other producers of statistics/data suppliers. Please refer to the original sources for a detailed review of the statistical processing., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The users include municipalities, organizations and students. There is not carried out a user satisfaction survey to the statistics., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, The registration in the register of both listed buildings and ancient monuments is done manually and with a certain delay in relation to the decision of conservation., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The statistics are published annually in mid-February and are usually published in relation to the scheduled time., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, There are no reservations regarding comparability over time., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The statistics are published in the (StatBank Denmark) (http://www.Statbank.dk)., Tables: KFRED1: Protected buildings by region, type of building and year of construction. KFRED2: Protected ancient monuments by region and farm category. KFRED3: New protections and de-protections by unit and region., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/protected-buildings-and-ancient-monuments

Documentation of statistics

Analyses: The global organisation of industrial groups has an impact on the measurement of Danish production and income

The way in which Danish enterprises choose to organise their production and sales in the global economy impacts whether it is reflected as domestic production and value added (GDP) or only as income (GNI) in the national accounts. When Danish enterprises sell products abroad, the activities are included in Danish GDP, whereas income based on sales via subsidiaries abroad is only included in GNI. In this way, the choice of sales channel impacts the statistics on Danish production and income., This analysis describes the global set-up of Danish industrial groups and their impact on the Danish economy. Focus is on the close correlation between Danish exports and in-come from subsidiaries abroad. The analysis is an extension of a Statistics Denmark analysis from 2016 dealing with goods exports outside Denmark by Danish manufactu¬ring enterprises. Income data from the central bank of Denmark, Nationalbanken, has allowed us to further document the importance of the industrial groups to the Danish economy., Main conclusions:, The industrial groups are important to the Danish economy; they export goods and services produced in Denmark or abroad and receive income from subsidiaries abroad. , In 2016, Danish industrial groups’ sale abroad of goods not crossing the Danish border accounted for almost a third of their total sale of goods abroad of DKK 524 billion., The income from subsidiaries of DKK 42.1 billion accounts for approximately one third of total earnings from Danish industrial groups’ manufacturing activities abroad. These ear-nings could have been counted as exports had the group chosen a different role for the production taking place in subsidiaries abroad., In 2016, the industrial groups’ activities abroad accounted for approximately 6 per cent of the Danish gross national income (GNI) and approximately 4 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP).,  , This is a translation of an analysis previously published in Danish 1 October 2018. See the analysis , here., Get as pdf, The global organisation of industrial groups has an impact on the measurement of Danish production and income, Colophone, The global organisation of industrial groups has an impact on the measurement of Danish production and income, Subject group: Economy, Released: 27 May 2019 08:00, No. 2019:7, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Mads Møller Liedig, Telephone: +45 40 12 97 72

Analysis

Analyses: Large language models and the Danish labour market

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models are spreading rapidly. The most prominent example is ChatGPT, which gathered more than 100 million active users within two months. This type of generative AI has the potential to change the way people work, creating opportunities for innovation and productivity gains. However, the opportunities and challenges will most likely be unequally distributed across the workforce., This analysis explores the unequal economic impact of large language models (LLMs) on the Danish Labour Market. The analysis uses the so-called AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) scores from a study of the American labour market and merges these scores with administrative data from Statistics Denmark. The AIOE scores reflect the relatedness between AI applications and human abilities connected to different occupations. Thus, the scores express potential economic impact of AI applications across occupations through either labour-augmenting or labour-displacing effects., Main conclusions:, Occupations dominated by cognitive routine tasks have the highest potential to change through large language models. , Legal Professionals, is the occupation with the highest LLM score. The occupation with the lowest score is , Painters, building structure cleaners & related trades worker, ., Economic activities influenced by cognitive abilities have higher LLM scores than activities dominated by physical tasks. The activity with the highest LLM score is , Higher Education, . The activity with the lowest score is , Building completion and finishing, ., Employed females altogether have more potential to apply large language models than employed males. However, within , Human Health & Social Work activities, women have a slightly lower LLM score than males., Employees with high personal yearly income generally have more potential to use and take advantage of large language models than employees with lower income.,  , The analysis is available in Danish here: , Store sprogmodeller og det danske arbejdsmarked,   , Get as pdf, Large language models and the Danish labour market, Colophone, Large language models and the Danish labour market, Subject group: Labour and income, Released: 8 February 2024 08:00, No. 2024:2, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:

Analysis

Publication: International Sourcing - Moving Business Functions Abroad

Publikationen tegner et billede af outsourcing i Danmark, Sverige, Norge, Finland og Holland fra 2001 til 2006., Hvad er outsourcing?, Outsourcing er hel eller delvis udflytning af forretningsaktiviteter (kerne- eller hjælpefunktioner), der i udgangspunktet udføres internt i virksomheden. , Outsourcing kan foregå til selskaber inden for samme koncern eller til andre (eksterne) virksomheder, der kan være lokaliseret i Danmark eller i udlandet., Hver femte danske virksomhed outsourcer til udlandet, Det fremgår af publikationen, at Danmark er i front med outsourcing til udlandet. , 19 pct. af de danske virksomheder med 50 ansatte eller derover har outsourcet til udlandet i perioden 2001-2006. Det tilsvarende tal for finske virksomheder er 16 pct., norske 14 pct., hollandske 14 pct. og svenske virksomheder 4 pct., Publikationen kommer ind på bl.a.:, motiverende faktorer for sourcing, barrierer for sourcing, destinationer for outsourcing, tab af job, kernefunktioner (produktion mv.), støttefunktioner (it, forskning og udvikling mv.), forventninger til fremtidig international sourcing., Læs konklusioner fra publikationen i , Nyt fra Danmarks Statistik, ., International undersøgelse, Den danske del af undersøgelsen er baseret på en spørgeskemaundersøgelse blandt virksomheder, der repræsenterer næsten 60 pct. af den samlede beskæftigelse i de private byerhverv., Undersøgelsen indgår i et større projekt i Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet om danske virksomheders outsourcing. , Undersøgelsen er samtidig en del af en fælles europæisk undersøgelse, der er medfinansieret af Eurostat og gennemført af 14 nationale statistikkontorer., Danmarks Statistik har koordineret dels selve EU-undersøgelsen og dels den fælles publikation med de statistiske kontorer i Finland, Holland, Norge og Sverige., Få flere oplysninger om undersøgelsen på , www.dst.dk/globalisering, ., Get as pdf, Hele publikationen, Colophone, International Sourcing - Moving Business Functions Abroad, Business, ISBN: 978-87-501-1695-0, Released: 10 June 2008 09:30, No of pages: 89, Contact info:, Peter Bøegh, Phone: +45 41 10 31 41

Publication

Publication: Danish GDP and GNI, Sources and methods 2012

The publication describes in detail the sources and methods used for the compilation of gross domestic product, GDP, and gross national income, GNI. It replaces the previous documentation “Danish National Accounts – Sources and Methods 2003” from 2007. With the new documentation the description of sources and methods is brought up to date and reflects the current compilation methods, international guidelines (ESA2010) and classifications. The publication follows a common structure used by all EU member states and is available in English only., The documentation uses 2012 as a reference year, but the descriptions relate to the sources and methods generally used in the compilation of final GDP., Final GDP is compiled at the most detailed level using all available relevant sources for describing the economic activity within the national accounts framework. Examples are account statistics for private enterprises, government finance statistics, household budget survey and foreign trade statistics. In order to fit all this information into one figure – GDP – an extensive amount of adjustment must be made. Also, confronting data at the detailed level reveals inconsistencies in the sources that must be overcome. In the Danish national accounts this confrontation of data takes place in the Supply-use tables which contains 2 350 products and 117 industries., As a supplement to the description in the publication, the process from primary statistics to final GDP is also presented in a schematic form – the so-called , process tables, ., Get as pdf, Danish GDP and GNI, Sources and methods - 2012, Title, colophone, preface and content, Chapt. 1 Overview of the system of assounts, Chapt. 2 The revisions policy and the timetable for revising and finalizing the estimates, Chapt. 3 The production approach, Chapt. 4 The Income Approach, Chapt. 5 The expenditure approach, Chapt. 6 The balancing or integration procedure and validating the estimates, Chapt. 7 Overview of the allowance for exhaustiveness, Chapt. 8 The transition from GDP to GNI, Chapt. 9 Main classifications used, Chapt. 10 Main data sources used, Annex, Colophone, Danish GDP and GNI, Sources and methods, Economy, ISBN pdf: 987-87-501-2229-6, Released: 15 August 2016 09:00, No of pages: 287, Contact info:, Annette Thomsen, Phone: +45 22 16 62 51

Publication

Publication: ICT usage in households and by individuals - EU benchmark 2016

This publication describes Europeans’ use of ICT in a broad perspective based on responses from a representative sample of citizens in Denmark and other EU Member States in 2016. Data was collected using a harmonised questionnaire that enables comparisons across countries., The survey describes the use of internet in general, including access to internet, use of e-commerce, social media, use of internet banking as well as online self-service. Various questions on ICT security and protection of personal infor­mation are dealt with in the last section of the publication., The statistics confirm the conclusion reached in other studies; Denmark is still among the EU front-runners in terms of ICT usage by citizens. This applies to e.g. online self-service, online shopping, use of internet banking and social net­working services., Highlights from this year’s survey:, Danes often , shop , on the , internet , At 83 per cent, the United Kingdom has the largest percentage of people who shop online, closely followed by Denmark in second place at 82 per cent. Online shopping in the EU is generally more common among men. The situation in Denmark is opposite. Danish women have overtaken men in shopping online., Danes best in the EU, at online self-service, Denmark leads the EU with regard to online self-service. A total of 88 per cent of Danes have visited public-authority websites, against the European average of 48 per cent for EU citizens. The percentage of Danes who submit completed forms to public authorities has doubled since 2008., 53m Europeans have never been online, 14 per cent of Europeans aged 16-74 are not online. This corresponds to around 53 million people.71 per cent of EU citizens are on the internet daily. The figure is 89 per cent in Denmark. Denmark is one of the countries with the lowest share of people who are never on the internet (2 per cent)., This publication is based on information in the survey of ICT usage in households and by individuals 2016. The survey is based on a common EU questionnaire (ICT usage by individuals and in households 2016)., Get as pdf, ICT usage in households and by individuals - EU benchmark report 2016, Colophone, ICT usage in households and by individuals - EU benchmark , Culture and leisure, ISBN pdf: 978-87-501-2258-6, Released: 1 June 2017 09:00, No of pages: 43, Contact info:, Agnes Tassy, Phone: +45 24 81 48 78

Publication