National Accounts: Input-Output and Supply-Use

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National Accounts, Climate and Environment, Economic Statistics
Peter Rørmose Jensen
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National Accounts Input-Output and Supply-Use 2022

Supply and use tables are the cornerstone of the Danish national accounts. Here, data for the circulation of goods and services, between Denmark and abroad, enterprises and final consumption are organized in a way that enables full balancing. A number of national accounts variables, including GDP, are published from here. The tables are used to compile input-output tables, which detail the relationships between production, imports and uses in the economy. Conversion to an input-output model enables calculations of multiplier effects, which are indirect relationships in the economy.

Statistical presentation

Supply‑use and input‑output tables describe how goods and services are produced, imported and used in the economy. They balance supply and demand and form the basis for GDP calculations. The system covers about 2,350 products and 117 industries and provides detailed breakdowns of consumption, investment and exports. Input‑output tables enable analysis of direct and indirect economic effects and support modelling and environmental‑economic studies.

Statistical processing

The supply and use tables are compiled from a wide range of sources that have been collected by Statistics Denmark, including accounting statistics and foreign trade statistics. When source data are inserted into the framework, extensive validation, error correction and adaptation to the national accounts definitions are carried out. Data are reconciled to full consistency using both automatic and manual methods. Input-output tables are compiled on the basis of the supply and use tables based on international guidelines. Upon receipt, Eurostat thoroughly checks the data again.

Relevance

Supply‑use tables are mainly used by Statistics Denmark to calculate GDP and other key indicators and to construct input‑output tables. A few external users access them via Research Services, but the most detailed tables are not published due to confidentiality. Input‑output tables support detailed analyses of economic structures, policy impacts and environmental effects and are central to models such as ADAM, MAKRO and Green Reform. Data comply with ENS2010.

Accuracy and reliability

Supply, use and input-output tables are based on extensive primary data that are checked for errors and reconciled to ensure high precision and consistency, especially in the GDP calculation. Provisional tables are less reliable due to incomplete sources. The necessary central model assumption in compiling input-output tables may lead to some minor over- and under-estimations. Quality is ensured through ongoing checks, audits and compliance with international standards.

Timeliness and punctuality

The input-output tables are released once every year at the same time as the final national accounts. The time of release is 2.5 years after the end of the reference year.

Comparability

In an international perspective the comparability between Danish and foreign input-output tables is generally good, but not quite as good as in the case of national accounts itself. This is due to the fact that there is an important assumption to be made and this assumption may vary between countries. However, within the framework of the ESA2010 manual it is tried to secure comparability between EU-countries.

Accessibility and clarity

National accounts and input-output data is disseminated in the Statbank and the input-output subject page where data can be downloaded in various file formats. Data that are transmitted to Eurostat can be found here